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Maps Of Santa Catalina Mountains....... 4

The legends Hidden In The Santa Catalinas... 13

The Legendary Sites & Ruins In The Santa Catalina Mountains....... 17

Sky Island Holds A Treasure Story... 19

Naming The Santa Catalina Mountains... 21

Is It Catalina Or Catarina?... 22

Early Residents Of The Catalinas... 26

Tucson is one of the oldest, continually inhabited areas in North America.... 26

Cañada Del Oro– The Canyon Of Gold... 27

Cañada Del Oro Petroglyphs... 31

Monoliths Around The Catalinas... 37

La Ventaña-  The Window... 38

La Veñtana: A Hole, Or A Notch?... 39

From La Ventaña, You Can See The Lost Mine... 41

Pueblo Viejo – The Old Village... 44

“Pueblo Viejo” North And East Of The Catalinas... 45

Pueblo Viejo’s Around Tucson... 48

Stone Building Constructions... 49

1880: An Old Stone Building... 52

1881: Ruins Near Ft. Lowell... 53

1881: Many Ruined Buildings Found In the Catalinas... 53

1882: Pueblo Viejo Voting At The Canyon Del Oro... 54

1883: The Story Of The “Stone Church”... 55

1889-1896: More Ruins Seen In The Santa Catalinas... 57

Ruins At Catalina State Park... 60

The Fabled “Mission Of Ciru”........... 64

Quest For The Mission Of Ciru... 66

The Romero Ranch– Built On Top Of Indian Ruins... 68

The Lost City Near Mt. Lemmon... 72

Onka’s Leap Of Faith– An Indian Legend... 76

The History And The Legends Of The Santa Catalina Mountains....... 77

How The Legends Started... 77

Perpetuating The Legends With Historical Anachronisms... 78

The Mines, The Missions And The History Of Arizona... 79

How The Spanish Mining Story Unfolds... 81

The Earliest Sources Of The Spanish Mine Legends... 83

The Map Of Spanish Settlements And Mines... 85

Kino’s Map Of The New Land... 87

How The Legends Circulated... 88

The Word Spreads About Arizona... 91

The Legends & The History... 93

Early Spanish Search For Gold... 95

The Legend: Coronado’s discovers gold at Cañon del Oro.... 95

The History: Coronado may have passed by the Catalinas.... 95

Next Wave Of Spanish Conquest... 100

The Legend: In 1698, Father’s Kino and Escalante sought minerals.... 100

The History: In 1698, Sgt. Escalante,  accompanied by Father Kino, sought minerals reportedly discovered in the Catalinas by the Indians.... 100

1686-1711: Kino’s Mission To Convert The Natives... 102

1697: Kino Establishes Missions–  The Military Hunts For Minerals... 104

1698: Kino’s Expeditions & The Search For Minerals... 107

The Quicksilver Messenger... 110

1700: Kino’s Mysterious “Blue Shells”... 111

1702: Rich Mines Near San Xavier... 113

Mining In The Santa Ritas & Tumacacori... 114

The Military’s Nefarious Role... 115

How Did Escalante Get Implicated With The Iron Door Mine?... 117

The Lost Escalante Man... 119

Mucho Escalantes: Who Owned The Lost Mine?... 122

1680s: Capt. Juan Bautista de Escalante,  The Military Man... 123

1752: Francisco Xavier de Escalante... 127

1776: Fray Silvestre de Escalante, The Franciscan... 129

1829: Manuel Escalante & The Missions... 131

Naming The Lost Escalante... 133

The Lost Mission Of Santa Catalina... 134

The Legend: There is a lost mission in the Santa Catalinas.... 134

The History: There was a mission called Santa Catalina.... 134

It may have been in the Santa Catalinas at one time.... 134

Locating The Lost Santa Catalina Mission... 137

1697-1711: The Story Of Padre Kino’s Santa Catalina... 140

1711-1732: Missionary Visits To  Santa Catalina After Kino... 142

1732: Santa Catharina “7 leagues to the east”... 143

1734-1736: Indians Revolt, Minerals Discovered... 146

1751: The Fatal Pima Indian Revolt... 148

1752: A fort At Santa Catalina?... 150

1757: Middendorf’s Mission In  Tucson With ‘2 Pueblos’... 153

1767: Jesuits Expelled, Franciscans Acquire Missions... 155

1769: San Juan Day June Massacre... 157

Aquituni– The Land Near Picacho... 158

1862: The Civil War Battle At Picacho... 161

History Time Shifts Into Legend: What Is Fact From The Legends?... 162

Lost Mines Of The Santa Catalinas... 163

The Mine With The Iron Door... 163

Old Spanish Mines Of Sonora... 163

Goldberg’s Lost Ledge... 163

Lots Of Old Mines In The Mountains... 164

Mine With The Iron Door Legends... 165

Iron Door Mines In The United States... 167

1880: The Mine With The Iron Door  & The Nine Mile City... 169

1883-93: Lost Spanish Mines South Of Tucson... 173

1891: An “Iron Door” Found... 174

1894: Bullock’s “Lost Mine”... 175

1895-1896: More Old Mines Discovered... 176

1899: Charley Brown & The Iron Door Mine... 177

1923: Howard Bell Wright’s “Mine With The Iron Door”... 179

1924: “Mine With The Iron Door” Movies... 182

‘MacKenna’s Gold’ In The Canyon del Oro... 183

1929-1933: Men Work ‘Ancient Mine’... 185

McKee Stakes Out The  “Fabulous Escalante Mine– The Iron Door Mine”... 186

1937: McKee Seeks Iron Door Mine, Again... 192

1946: Prospector Dies Seeking The Lost Mine... 196

1966-1988: Mayor Hunts For Treasure... 197

The Tucson Arizona Gold Rush....... 199

Gold Discoveries In The Santa Catalinas... 200

1850-1890: Gold-Quartz Jewelry Popularized... 202

The Rush For Tucson Gold... 203

American’s Mining Gold From The Canyon Of Gold... 205

Discovering the Gold Canyon... 209

1843: First ‘Recorded’ Discovery Of Gold In The Cañon del Oro... 212

1846-1848: Roadblocks To Gold Recovery... 216

1850s: Americans Discover Tucson... 217

1855: Gold Found Near The Catalinas... 218

1858: The Tucson Gold Rush Begins... 219

1859-1870: Civilizing The ‘Cañon del Oro’... 222

1861: The Ambush Of Page & Scott... 226

1862-1870: Treaty Broken Again; Cavalry Protects CDO Travelers... 228

1863-1864: The Great Gold Exploration Is On!... 231

The Grand Campaign against the Apaches... 231

1867: Army Sets Up Camp Again In The CDO... 232

1867: Goldberg’s “Lost Ledge”... 234

1870s: The Kennedy-Israel Massacre... 236

More Indian Depredations In The CDO... 239

1872: Mining Law Encourages Prospecting... 241

1874: Apaches Keep People Out Of The CDO... 243

1874: First Mining Company In The Cañon del Oro... 245

1874: First Steam Pump Installed... 247

1875: Goldberg Returns For Another Try... 248

Other Mining Ventures Around Tucson  & The Santa Catalinas... 249

1880s: Good News From Gold Canyon... 252

1882: Goldberg Returns; Claims Expand In CDO... 256

1880s: Samaniego Stakes A Claim in Cañada del Oro... 257

Rancho Solaño & The Linda Vista Ranch... 263

Samaniego & The Victorio Treasure... 265

1887: Tucson Earthquake Rocks Discovery Of Gold... 267

1887: Drachman’s “Chunks of Gold”... 268

1891: Gold Diggers In The Cañada del Oro... 269

1896: Gold Quartz Re-Discovery... 270

1897: Gold Hill In The Cañon del Oro... 271

1899: Ledge of Gold Found In The Cañon Del Oro... 272

1900s: Rich Gold Strikes In The CDO... 273

1901-1907: Bauer’s Unfortunate Luck... 274

CDO Claims Continue To Abound... 276

1907: Samaniego’s Esperanza Mine... 277

1912: CDO Water Rights More Important Than Gold... 278

1922: “Rich Gold Strike” In The Catalinas... 278

1930s: Still Progress In Finding Gold... 279

1933: Gold Outlawed, Prospecting  & Mining Shifts To Copper... 280

1982: 230 oz. Gold Near Spanish Placer Sites... 281

Mining Near La Ventaña... 282

Town Of Oracle - Old Hat District Mining... 283

Christmas In The Desert & The founding Of Oracle... 286

Peppersauce Canyon– A Spicy Mystery... 291

The Old Hat Mining District... 292

How The Old Hat May Have Acquired Its Name... 295

1880: Prospectors Flood The Old Hat... 296

1881: Old Hat Expands, New Claims... 297

1882-1884: More Ore From The Old Hat;  Railroad Planned... 299

New Road For Hundreds Of Workers... 301

1886: Chance Finding Of Gold Bearing Quartz... 303

William “Curley” Neal Moves To Oracle... 304

The Jail Tree And The Mountain View Hotel... 308

1900: Mining Becomes A Major Business in Arizona... 309

1901: A Rodent Leads To A Gold Discovery... 311

1904: Rail Line Abandoned... 312

1911: Old Hat Gains New Owners– the Copper Queen... 314

1912: Arizona Statehood And Mining The Catalinas... 316

1913: Leatherwood And The  Copper Queen Old Hat Claims... 317

1915: The Castro’s Discoveries In The Catalinas... 319

The 3C Ranch “Mary West” Mine... 320

Gold At Campo Bonito... 321

“Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Mining Ventures In The Catalinas... 325

1902: Buffalo Bill Stakes His Claim At Campo Bonito... 326

1908-09: Buffalo Bill Is  Impressed With New Prospects... 329

1910: Cody Expands His Mining Claims... 330

1911: Cody’s Mines Supply Tungsten For Edison... 334

1912: Ewing Shakes Up Campo Bonito... 336

Ewing Takes Control Of Campo Bonito... 341

The Southern Belle Mine... 345

1881: Gold Extracted From Southern Belle... 345

‘Struck It Rich’ At The Southern Belle... 346

1908-1910: Southern Belle Closed, Then Resumes... 350

1911: Cody Acquires The Southern Belle Gold Mine... 352

1930-2010: Southern Belle Passes To New Owners... 354

The Historic High Jinks Ranch... 357

1933: High Jinks Ranch Built In Campo Bonito... 358

Catalina Camp – Marble Peak... 361

Old Mexican Coin, Artifact Found... 362

1880-1940s: Marble Peak– The Ledge Of Copper... 364

The San Catarina Copper Company... 367

1900: Catalina Camp Deep In The Catalinas... 371

1902: End Of A Mining Era At Catalina Camp... 373

1917: Road Built; Stratton Claims Sold To Wilson... 374

1940s: Hartman’s Homestake Mines Expands Claim... 375

1942: U.S. Closes Gold Mines In War Effort... 375

The Last Prospector... 376

The Legend: Revisited... 382

Prospecting The Santa Catalina Mountains Today... 384

Author: Robert Zucker.. 386

Resources... 388

Web Site Resources... 388

Historical Gold Prices... 389

Videos... 389

Bibliography... 398

Illustrations... 408

Index....... 410

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